Thank you for doing the manual checking.
Let me understand that last comment you made: "Mais aucun nouveau message ne se charge." (Translation for Kostya: {Manual refresh of the folder in question worked.} But no new messages loaded.)
Was that when there was a new message(s) in the folder and it (they) didn't load?
Or, there were no new messages in that folder while you were doing manual refresh of the folder?
Added:
If that happened while there were new messages in that folder, it would be helpful to catch the debug log in the following situation:
When you notice (in the web interface or a different mail program, -- whichever way you are accessing that account besides Aquamail) that there is a new message in that folder, but Aquamail didn't load that message withing 15 minutes, -- Enable the log, go to the folder, do the manual refresh for that folder, exit from the folder to the account list, do the refresh for the entire account (touch the "wheel" next to the account). Stop the log collection. Send to Kostya's e-mail address. (See the instructions of how to configure and save the debug logs in Kostya's signature.)