Hm, what a bulletproof logic.
E-mail (and Calendar, etc...) provider blocks access to a service based on User-Agent (name) which is user's software reporting => It's that software fault...
It just seems that Microsoft does not want people to be able to use third party clients for accessing their service. It's just that simple.
They probably want users to use their software - Outlook. So they are restricting other user-agents from advanced features (EWS, Contacs, Calendar, Tasks).
And MS have every right to do it! In the end, you as a user are only a guest in their home (datacenter).
You can surely try to complain to your service provider. But as far as I know, the never advertised EWS will work for Personal/Free accounts. So I can imagine they will pretend it was never supposed to work (but it worked for years in reality). Only supported method of accessing email is IMAP/POP3, but that's how you lose advanced features.
I can only confirm that on company commercial/Office365 account EWS works with Aquamail without spoofing user-agent.
Not sure if you can somehow upgrade that personal/free account on office365 paid service.
But you can always choose to move your e-mail to another provider if you do not like that (or host your own, or move to some friend's server). That's how every user can shape the world. But maybe that is the plan - to reduce number of free/personal accounts - who knows.