Thank you for the log.
imap.web.de has two IP addresses, AquaMail was trying to use 212.227.17.178 and it was failing -- timing out.
I am able to connect to either address (that or 212.227.17.162) from my desktop in Russia
so the servers are OK.
I'd be very very surprised if this was related to CM, it has to be your mobile provider. That you're not seeing the issue on WiFi is another confirmation point.
As an aside -- network errors reported by AquaMail really are "genuine", I've not seen any in a long time where it was the app's fault.